4/1/2024 0 Comments Chromatin negative nucleiThe core of a genomic chromatin fiber is an array of nucleosomes. We discuss how this dual nature of chromatin, which fits well the concept of viscoelasticity, contributes to genome structure, emphasizing the dominant role of chromatin self-interaction.Ĭhromatin is the genetic material of eukaryotes. While chromatin behaves as an immobile solid on the mesoscale, nucleosomes are mobile on the nanoscale. The final section of the review evaluates the solid and liquid states of chromatin in the nucleus. Some chromatin-binding proteins undergo LLPS in purified form in near-physiological ionic strength buffers while others will do so only in the presence of DNA, nucleosomes, or chromatin. In the next section of the review, we discuss how certain chromatin-associated proteins undergo LLPS in vitro and in vivo. This is followed by a comprehensive section on phase separation of chromatin, in which we recount the 60 years history of chromatin aggregation studies, discuss the evidence that chromatin aggregation intrinsically is a physiologically relevant liquid–solid phase separation (LSPS) process driven by chromatin self-interaction, and highlight the recent findings that under specific solution conditions chromatin can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) rather than LSPS. The review begins with a concise description of the principles of phase separation.
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